Several investigators suggested that the factor or factors responsible for this association may be the increase in phosphorus intake or the net acid load of those beverages that use phosphoric acid as the acidulant or the caffeine of those beverages that are caffeinated. In most reports, colas were more strongly associated than were other carbonated beverages. In several observational studies, intake of carbonated beverages was associated with reduced bone mass or increased fracture risk, both later in life ( 1) and in children and adolescents ( 2– 4). The skeletal effects of carbonated beverage consumption are likely due primarily to milk displacement.Ĭarbonated beverages, colas, caffeine, phosphorus, phosphoric acid, urinary calcium, acid loading, citric acid, fracture risk INTRODUCTION Because the caffeine effect is known to be compensated for by reduced calciuria later in the day, we conclude that the net effect of carbonated beverage constituents on calcium economy is negligible. Phosphoric acid without caffeine produced no excess calciuria nor did it augment the calciuria of caffeine.Ĭonclusions: The excess calciuria associated with consumption of carbonated beverages is confined to caffeinated beverages. The excess calciuria was ≈0.25 mmol, about the same as previously reported for caffeine alone. Results: Relative to water, urinary calcium rose significantly only with the milks and the 2 caffeine-containing beverages. pH, titratable and total acidity, sodium, creatinine, and calcium were measured in 2-h (morning) fasting and 5-h postbeverage urine specimens. Beverages were consumed with a light breakfast after an overnight fast no other foods were ingested until urine collection was complete. Serving size was 567 mL for the carbonated beverages and water and 340 mL for the milks. The study included one neutral control (water) and one positive control (skim or chocolate milk). Two contained phosphoric acid as the acidulant and 2 contained citric acid. Four carbonated beverages were tested: 2 with caffeine and 2 without. Objective: We assessed the short-term effects on urinary calcium excretion of carbonated beverages of various compositions.ĭesign: An incomplete random block design was used to study 20–40-y-old women who customarily consumed ≥680 mL carbonated beverages daily. The usual explanation given is that one or more of the beverage constituents increase urinary calcium. Background: Intake of carbonated beverages has been associated with increased fracture risk in observational studies.
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